DAMPAK LAMA PENGGUNAAN PERANGKAT DIGITAL TERHADAP PROGRESI MIOPIA ANAK
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36973/jkih.v13i1.686Keywords:
Axial Elongation, Children, Digital Device Use, Myopia, Screen TimeAbstract
The increasing use of digital devices in children has been associated with the progression of myopia. This literature review aims to analyze the relationship between screen time duration and myopia acceleration in children. The study was conducted by reviewing 12 journals published between 2019 to 2024, using prospective and retrospective observational methods. The results showed that children who spent more than 3-4 hours per day in front of the screen experienced more significant axial elongation and refractive changes than those with lower duration of use. In addition, online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic has been a major factor in the increase in the duration of digital device use, contributing to the accelerated progression of myopia. The literature research involved searching online scientific databases such as Pubmed, Google Scholar, Semantic Scholar and ProQuest. This study emphasizes the importance of reducing screen time and increasing outdoor activities to reduce the risk of myopia in children.
Downloads
References
AlShamlan, F. T., Bubshait, L. K., AlAhmad, E. A., AlOtaibi, B. S., AlShakhs, A. A., & AlHammad, F. A. (2023). Myopia Progression in School Children with Prolonged Screen Time During The Coronavirus Disease Confinement. Medical Hypothesis, Discovery and Innovation in Ophthalmology, 12(2), 90–97. https://doi.org/10.51329/mehdiophthal1474
Althnayan, Y. I., Almotairi, N. M., Alharbi, M. M., Alamer, H. B., Alqahtani, H. B., & Alfreihi, S. (2023). Myopia Progression Among School-Aged Children in The COVID-19 Distance-Learning Era. Clinical Ophthalmology, 283–290. https://doi.org/10.2147/OPTH.S381061
Alvarez-Peregrina, C., Sánchez-Tena, M. Á., Martinez- Perez, C., & Villa-Collar, C. (2020). The Relationship Between Screen and Outdoor Time with Rates of Myopia in Spanish Children. Frontiers in Public Health, 8, 560378. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.560378
Aslan, F., & Sahinoglu-Keskek, N. (2022). The Effect of Home Education on Myopia Progression in Children During The COVID-19 Pandemic. Eye, 36(7), 1427–1432. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41433-021-01655-2
Chia, A., Chua, W.-H., Cheung, Y.-B., Wong, W.-L., Lingham, A., Fong, A., & Tan, D. (2012). Atropine for The Treatment of Childhood Myopia: Safety and Efficacy of 0.5%, 0.1%, and 0.01% Doses (Atropine for The Treatment of Myopia 2). Ophthalmology, 119(2), 347–354. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2011.07.031
Cougnard-Gregoire, A., Merle, B. M. J., Aslam, T., Seddon, J. M., Aknin, I., Klaver, C. C. W., Garhöfer, G., Layana, A. G., Minnella, A. M., & Silva, R. (2023). Blue Light Exposure: Ocular Hazards and Prevention—a Narrative Review. Ophthalmology and Therapy, 12(2), 755–788. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40123-023-00675-3
Dash, S., Mohanty, G., Mohanty, S. K., & Mohakud, N. K. (2023). Progression in Refractive Error in Children During COVID-19 Pandemic Due to Virtual Classes: A Cohort Study. Current Medical Issues, 21(2), 110–113. https://doi.org/10.4103/cmi.cmi_108_22
Dirani, M., Tong, L., Gazzard, G., Zhang, X., Chia, A., Young, T. L., Rose, K. A., Mitchell, P., & Saw, S.-M. (2009). Outdoor Activity and Myopia in Singapore Teenage Children. British Journal of Ophthalmology, 93(8), 997–1000. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo.2008.150979
Enthoven, C. A., Polling, J. R., Verzijden, T., Tideman, J. W. L., Al-Jaffar, N., Jansen, P. W., Raat, H., Metz, L., Verhoeven, V. J. M., & Klaver, C. C. W. (2021). Smartphone Use Associated with Refractive Error in Teenagers: The Myopia App Study. Ophthalmology, 128(12), 1681–1688.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2021.06.016
Enthoven, C. A., Tideman, J. W. L., Polling, J. R., Yang- Huang, J., Raat, H., & Klaver, C. C. W. (2020). The Impact of Computer Use on Myopia Development in Childhood: The Generation R Study. Preventive Medicine, 132, 105988.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.105988 Fan, Y., Liao, J., Liu, S., Cai, X., Lv, S., Yang, Q., Dong, Y., Li, H., & Song, S. (2022). Effect of Time Outdoors and Near-Viewing Time on Myopia Progression in 9-to 11-Year-Old Children in Chongqing. Optometry and Vision Science, 99(6),
489–495.
https://doi.org/10.1097/OPX.0000000000001898 Kurupp, A. R. C., Raju, A., Luthra, G., Shahbaz, M., Almatooq, H., Foucambert, P., Esbrand, F. D., Zafar, S., Panthangi, V., & Khan, S. (2022). The Impact of The COVID-19 Pandemic on Myopia Progression in Children: A Systematic Review. Cureus, 14(8).
https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.28444
Lestari, T., Anggunan, A., Triwahyuni, T., & Syuhada, R. (2020). Studi Faktor Risiko Kelainan Miopia di Rumah Sakit Pertamina Bintang Amin. Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Sandi Husada, 9(1), 305–312.
https://doi.org/10.35816/jiskh.v11i1.275
Ma, D., Wei, S., Li, S.-M., Yang, X., Cao, K., Hu, J., Fan, S., Zhang, L., & Wang, N. (2021). Progression of Myopia in a Natural Cohort of Chinese Children During COVID-19 Pandemic. Graefe’s Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology, 259, 2813–2820.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00417-021-05305-x
Ma, D., Wei, S., Li, S.-M., Yang, X., Cao, K., Hu, J., Peng, X., Yan, R., Fu, J., & Grzybowski, A. (2022). The Impact of Study-at-Home During The COVID-19 Pandemic on Myopia Progression in Chinese Children. Frontiers in Public Health, 9,
720514.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.720514
Ma, M., Xiong, S., Zhao, S., Zheng, Z., Sun, T., & Li, C. (2021). COVID-19 Home Quarantine Accelerated The Progression of Myopia in Children Aged 7 to 12 Years in China. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science,
62(10), 37. https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.62.10.37 Mohan, A., Sen, P., Peeush, P., Shah, C., & Jain, E. (2022). Impact of Online Classes and Home Confinement on Myopia Progression in Children During COVID-19 Pandemic: Digital Eye Strain among Kids (DESK) Study 4. Indian Journal of
Ophthalmology, 70(1), 241–245.
https://doi.org/10.4103/ijo.IJO_1721_21 Primadiani, I. S., & Rahmi, F. L. (2017). Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Progresivitas Miopia Pada Mahasiswa Kedokteran. Jurnal Kedokteran Diponegoro (Diponegoro Medical Journal), 6(4), 1505–1517.
https://doi.org/10.14710/dmj.v6i4.18381
Sankaridurg, P., Holden, B., & Smith, E. (2000). Decrease in Rate of Myopia Progression with Specially Designed Progressive Addition Lenses.
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 41(8), 2031–2039. Saw, S.-M., Matsumura, S., & Hoang, Q. V. (2019). Prevention and Management of Myopia and Myopic Pathology. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 60(2), 488–499.
https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.18-25221
Wong, N. A., & Bahmani, H. (2022). A review of The Current State of Research on Artificial Blue Light Safety As it Applies to Digital Devices. Heliyon,
Yam,
8(8). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10282
J. C., Jiang, Y., Tang, S. M., Law, A. K. P., Chan, J. J., Wong, E., Ko, S. T., Young, A. L., Tham, C. C., & Chen, L. J. (2019). Low-Concentration Atropine for Myopia Progression (LAMP) Study: A Randomized, Double-blinded, Placebo- controlled Trial of 0.05%, 0.025%, and 0.01% Atropine Eye Drops in Myopia Control. Ophthalmology, 126(1), 113–124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2018.05.029
